Understanding of sensitivity of processed data with derived quick-win measures
Understand the types and sensitivity of data stored and processed by your applications, and maintain awareness of the fate of processed data (e.g., backups, sharing with external partners). At this level of maturity, the information gathered may be captured in varying forms and different places; no organization-wide data catalog is assumed to exist. Protect and handle all data associated with a given application according to protection requirements applying to the most sensitive data stored and processed.
Implement basic controls, to prevent propagation of unsanitized sensitive data from production environments to lower environments. By ensuring unsanitized production data are never propagated to lower (non-production) environments, you can focus data protection policies and activities on production.
Standardized handling of different classes of sensitive data
At this maturity level, Data Protection activities focus on actively managing your stewardship of data. Establish technical and administrative controls to protect the confidentiality of sensitive data, and the integrity and availability of all data in your care, from its initial creation/receipt through the destruction of backups at the end of their retention period.
Identify the data stored, processed, and transmitted by applications, and capture information regarding their types, sensitivity (classification) levels, and storage location(s) in your data catalog. Clearly identify records or data elements subject to specific regulation. Establishing a single source of truth regarding the data you work with supports finer-grained selection of controls for their protection. Collecting this information enhances the accuracy, timeliness, and efficiency of your responses to data-related queries (e.g., from auditors, incident response teams, or customers), and supports threat modeling and compliance activities.
Based on your Data Protection Policy, establish processes and procedures for protecting and preserving data throughout their lifetime, whether at rest, while being processed, or in transit. Pay particular attention to the handling and protection of sensitive data outside the active processing system, including, but not limited to: storage, retention, and destruction of backups; and the labeling, encryption, and physical protection of offline storage media. Your processes and procedures cover the implementation of all controls adopted to comply with regulatory, contractual, or other restrictions on storage locations, personnel access, and other factors.
Technically enforced compliance with your data protection policy
Activities at this maturity level are focused on automating data protection, reducing your reliance on human effort to assess and manage compliance with policies. There is a focus on feedback mechanisms and proactive reviews, to identify and act on opportunities for process improvement.
Implement technical controls to enforce compliance with your Data Protection Policy, and put monitoring in place to detect attempted or actual violations. You may use a variety of available tools for data loss prevention, access control and tracking, or anomalous behavior detection.
Regularly audit compliance with established administrative controls, and closely monitor performance and operation of automated mechanisms, including backups and record deletions. Monitoring tools quickly detect and report failures in automation, permitting you to take timely corrective action.
Reviews and update the data catalog regularly, to maintain its accurate reflection of your data landscape. Regular reviews and updates of processes and procedures maintain their alignment with your policies and priorities.